Third, there are some exceptions to the previous point. Table 3.6 Monatomic Ions of Various Charges Ions formed by losing a single electron (In Chapter 9 “Chemical Bonds”, we will discuss why atoms form the charges they do.) Thus, if you commit the information in Table 3.6 “Monatomic Ions of Various Charges” to memory, you will always know what charges most atoms form. When sodium atoms form ions, they always form a 1+ charge, never a 2+ or 3+ or even 1− charge. Second, most atoms form ions of a single characteristic charge. This is actually one of the chemical properties of metals and nonmetals: metals tend to form cations, while nonmetals tend to form anions. First, each element that forms cations is a metal, except for one (hydrogen), while each element that forms anions is a nonmetal. There are several things to notice about the ions in Table 3.6 “Monatomic Ions of Various Charges”. Table 3.6 “Monatomic Ions of Various Charges” lists some common ions in terms of how many electrons they lose (making cations) or gain (making anions). When atoms gain or lose electrons, they usually gain or lose a characteristic number of electrons and so take on a characteristic overall charge. When they do, they become monatomic ions. Individual atoms can gain or lose electrons. Compounds formed from positive and negative ions are called ionic compounds. Remember that ions are formed only when electrons move from one atom to another a proton never moves from one atom to another. Species with overall positive charges are termed cations, while species with overall negative charges are called anions. Electrons can move from one atom to another when they do, species with overall electric charges are formed. They have the same number of electrons as protons, so the negative charges of the electrons is balanced by the positive charges of the protons. So far, we have discussed elements and compounds that are electrically neutral. Generate a proper name for an ionic compound.Construct a proper formula for an ionic compound.Learn the characteristic charges that ions have.Macklemore & Ryan Lewis – Gold – feat.The Lone Bellow – Green Eyes and a Heart of Gold.Laura James & The Lyres – Spinning Gold.Ed Sheeran – Gold Rush – Deluxe Edition.David Bowie – Velvet Goldmine – 2002 Digital Remaster.Bob Marley & The Wailers – Iron Lion Zion.Those Acoustic Kats – Bacon and Potassium.The Box Tops – Neon Rainbow – Digitally Remastered: 1996.Listen to the Spotify elements playlist here – spoti.fi/1oE0VE4 Periodic Table of Elements Playlist – elements only and ordered by mass number.Materials Playlist – materials grouped by their classifications, including composites and alloys and plastics.There were also too many songs featuring diamonds to list so I chose to exclude them altogether rather than trying to select my favourites. I found that there were too many instrumental and heavy metal songs so I generally avoided them, preferring instead to list songs that audibly and explicitly names the element or material of their title in the song itself. While looking up songs I found both Materials World’s #materialsplaylist 2013 and this very useful list of songs featuring gold. Inspired by Materials World’s recent #materialsplaylist game on Twitter I decided that I would make a more complete and structured playlist of “materials”.
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